marzo 9, 2026
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🔸 Cofepris autorizó el uso de cabotegravir, tratamiento inyectable que previene el VIH con solo seis dosis al año.

#NACIONAL | En lugar de 365 pastillas al año, ahora bastarán seis inyecciones para prevenir el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH). La Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (Cofepris) autorizó el uso de cabotegravir, un tratamiento inyectable de larga duración para la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP), que podría cambiar la estrategia de prevención en México.

De acuerdo con un boletín, en julio de 2025, Cofepris otorgó 210 autorizaciones sanitarias: 164 para dispositivos médicos, 28 para medicamentos y 18 para protocolos de investigación clínica. Entre ellas, destacó la aprobación de cabotegravir, considerado un avance por su capacidad de ofrecer protección continua con una aplicación bimestral.

El medicamento, formulado para liberación prolongada, se administra por personal de salud tras una posible fase inicial oral o de inyección mensual.

¿Cómo funciona cabotegravir?
Cabotegravir impide que el virus del VIH complete un paso clave de su ciclo: introducir su propio ADN en las células humanas. Lo hace bloqueando una enzima del virus llamada integrasa, que funciona como unas tijeras y pegamento para insertar ese material genético dentro del ADN de la célula.

Sin esta integración, el virus no puede replicarse ni establecer una infección permanente, lo que disminuye notablemente las probabilidades de que la persona se contagie después de estar expuesta.

Los estudios que respaldan cabotegravir
La aprobación de cabotegravir en México se basa en dos estudios internacionales que lo compararon con la profilaxis oral tradicional (emtricitabina/tenofovir), conocida como PrEP.

En el estudio HPTN 083, que incluyó a hombres cisgénero, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y mujeres trans, las personas que recibieron cabotegravir presentaron 12 casos de infección, frente a 39 en quienes usaron PrEP oral. Esto representa una reducción del riesgo cercana al 70 %.

En el estudio HPTN 084, realizado con mujeres cisgénero en África subsahariana, solo 3 de más de mil 600 participantes que recibieron cabotegravir se infectaron, frente a 36 en el grupo con PrEP oral, lo que equivale a una reducción del riesgo del 90 %.

¿Por qué es importante cabotegravir en México?
El cabotegravir plantea beneficios relevantes para la salud pública:

Mejora de la adherencia: al ser bimestral, facilita el seguimiento en personas con barreras para tomar una dosis diaria.
Alta eficacia: los ensayos muestran superioridad frente a la PrEP oral.
Impacto en poblaciones vulnerables: puede beneficiar a quienes enfrentan estigma o dificultades para acceder a tratamientos diarios.
Monitoreo y seguridad: su uso requiere pruebas previas de VIH y seguimiento médico continuo para evitar resistencias.
Imagen intermedia
Cabotegravir y lenacapavir: dos inyectables contra el VIH con usos diferentes
Aunque en meses recientes la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de Estados Unidos (FDA) aprobó lenacapavir, un medicamento inyectable contra el VIH, el tratamiento autorizado en México es distinto. Cabotegravir no está diseñado para tratar a personas que ya viven con el virus, sino para prevenir la infección antes de que ocurra, dentro de lo que se conoce como profilaxis preexposición o PrEP.

Lenacapavir, en cambio, forma parte de los antirretrovirales de acción prolongada para controlar la carga viral en personas diagnosticadas con VIH. Cabotegravir se administra a personas sin el virus pero con alto riesgo de exposición, con el objetivo de impedir que el VIH se establezca en el organismo.

Contexto nacional
De acuerdo con datos de ONUSIDA, en México se registran alrededor de 14 mil nuevas infecciones por VIH cada año. Aunque la PrEP oral ya está disponible en algunas instituciones de salud, su uso sigue siendo limitado por factores como disponibilidad, estigma o dificultades para mantener la toma diaria.

La llegada del cabotegravir podría facilitar la ampliación de la cobertura preventiva, especialmente en grupos con mayor riesgo de exposición, y alinear a México con estrategias recomendadas por organismos internacionales.

541 comentarios en «México aprueba cabotegravir, la PrEP inyectable contra el VIH»

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