La agricultura y el turismo son dos de las actividades económicas que más afectaciones sufrirán, refiere el Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe (CAF).
México es uno de los países de América Latina que sufrirán los mayores impactos negativos del cambio climático, mientras que las naciones del cono sur podrían aumentar su producción, advierte el Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe (CAF).
El mayor impacto se verá sobre la agricultura, pues México cuenta con un mayor uso de tierra para el cultivo y que depende en gran medida del agua de lluvia.
La variabilidad en precipitaciones y el aumento de la aridez representa un problema particularmente grave para las explotaciones pequeñas y de temporal, lo que pone en riesgo la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de los pequeños productores y en especial la de aquellos que producen para el autoconsumo, determinó el reporte Desafíos globales, soluciones regionales, del CAF.
“En el sector agropecuario de México se encuentra particularmente expuesto al cambio climático. El 44% del área de cultivos se compone de explotaciones de menos de 2 hectáreas y el 76% de menos de 10 hectáreas y cerca de 73% del área de cultivo es de secano, es decir de cultivos que dependen del agua de lluvia”, refiere el documento.
El CAF prevé que la temperatura media en México continuará aumentando en las próximas décadas. Asimismo, contempla una reducción de las precipitaciones que se volverán menos predecibles, con un impacto negativo en el sector agropecuario.
En México, 12.5% de la población que trabaja lo hace en el sector agrícola, cerca del promedio de los países de América Latina, 15.2%.
Además, México es el segundo país de América Latina que genera más emisiones contaminantes: sus principales emisiones difieren del resto de América Latina, siendo el sector industrial, 31%; los sistemas de energía, 25%, y del transporte, 17%, los que mayores emisiones representan, seguido por el sector agropecuario, 13%, y cambio en el uso del suelo, 12% y las edificaciones, 3%.
A su vez, estas actividades son importantes para la economía del país, por lo que estas deben encaminarse y ajustarse para reducir sus emisiones.
En el sector agropecuario, la principal forma de mitigar las emisiones de este compuesto sería por el lado de la demanda, reduciendo el uso de fertilizantes con alto contenido de amoníaco, así como de productos manufacturados que lo utilicen, como por ejemplo el plástico.
También el turismo, una de las actividades económicas más importantes, es la que se ve más amenazada por los efectos del cambio climático como la pérdida de biodiversidad, el aumento de las temperaturas medias y la mayor frecuencia de eventos extremos, destaca el CAF.
El cambio en el uso de suelo, mediante la deforestación, el drenaje de humedales y el reemplazo de pastizales naturales, afecta gravemente a los ecosistemas y biodiversidad del país. Mientrás, el 23% de la superficie en México se conserva en estado natural o seminatural, porcentaje que se encuentra por debajo del promedio regional, 45%, detalló el documento.
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